{"id":35,"date":"2016-02-12T15:51:53","date_gmt":"2016-02-12T15:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/?page_id=35"},"modified":"2017-12-10T10:11:19","modified_gmt":"2017-12-10T15:11:19","slug":"research-projects","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/research-projects\/","title":{"rendered":"Research Interests"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify\">My area of research revolves around biological and inorganic chemistry, bioinorganic and inorganic reaction mechanisms, which includes the following:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-174\" src=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Interdisciplinary-research.png\" alt=\"Interdisciplinary research\" width=\"590\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Interdisciplinary-research.png 1413w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Interdisciplinary-research-300x181.png 300w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Interdisciplinary-research-1024x619.png 1024w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Interdisciplinary-research-945x571.png 945w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Interdisciplinary-research-600x363.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Synthesis and characterization of supramolecular polypyridyl osmium(II), palladium(II), platinum(II), ruthenium(II), vanadium(IV), and vanadium(V) complexes for bioinorganic studies of DNA recognition andreactions by metallointercalators, followed by their uses as anti-cancer agents in photodynamic therapy; also the synthesis, characterization, and anti-cancer studies of cobalt(III)-, copper(II)-, and gallium(III)-containing complexes with <strong><u>natural products-derived<\/u><\/strong> thiosemicarbazones as ligands.\n<p><div id=\"attachment_90\" style=\"width: 203px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-90\" class=\"wp-image-90 \" src=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Picture-142.jpg\" alt=\" Jamaica ackees and coconuts\" width=\"193\" height=\"145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Picture-142.jpg 4224w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Picture-142-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Picture-142-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Picture-142-945x709.jpg 945w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Picture-142-600x450.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 193px) 100vw, 193px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-90\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jamaica ackees and coconuts<\/p><\/div><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The synthesis, characterization, and biomedical uses of cobalt, copper, vanadium, and zinc complexes in alleviating diabetes.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The synthesis, characterization, reactivity, and biomedical uses of NO<sub>x<\/sub>-containing compounds.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Synthesis and characterization of novel non-hydrolyzable nucleotides (inclusive of C-13 labeled nucleotides); also cobalt(III), chromium(III) and vanadium(IV\/V) complexes. Their uses as inhibitors of the enzymatic synthesis of DNA through the use of DNA polymerase \u03b2.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The synthesis, characterization, and use of mixed-metal binuclear photocatalysts for the production of H<sub>2<\/sub> and O<sub>2<\/sub> from water (artificial photosynthesis) with the use of photocatalysts that contain polyoxometallates and ruthenium(II) and cobalt(II)\/cobalt(III) metal centers. Multinuclear NMR (<sup>11<\/sup>B, <sup>19<\/sup>F, <sup>31<\/sup>P, and <sup>59<\/sup>Co, to name a few), EPR, cyclic voltammetry, electron transfer reactions in aqueous media are used to characterize species in solution.\u00a0 In essence we are embarking on the use of nanoparticles to make renewable energy.\u00a0 There is an interest in photochemistry, and the use of X-rays to map out metal centers in solution, and Raman spectroscopy.\n<p><div id=\"attachment_98\" style=\"width: 294px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-98\" class=\" wp-image-98\" src=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/climate_large.jpg\" alt=\"Climate Change Summit 2040\" width=\"284\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/climate_large.jpg 480w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/climate_large-300x190.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-98\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Climate Change Summit 2040<\/p><\/div><\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">Metallomesogens: Design and synthesis of metallomesogens for CO<sub>2<\/sub> sequestering and production of biodegradable polymers.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The use of EPR {V(IV), Co(II), Cu(II), and Mo(V) at ambient and liquid nitrogen temperatures}, NMR (<sup>1<\/sup>H, <sup>11<\/sup>B, <sup>13<\/sup>C, <sup>15<\/sup>N, <sup>19<\/sup>F,<sup> 31<\/sup>P, <sup>49<\/sup>Ti, <sup>51<\/sup>V, <sup>\u00a059<\/sup>Co, <sup>\u00a095<\/sup>Mo, <sup>119<\/sup>Sn, and <sup>195<\/sup>Pt), and other physical means in the structural elucidation of various transition metal complexes.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">The synthesis, characterization, reactivity, and biomedical uses of metallomesogens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>At present, our main research project involves artificial photosynthesis, a project that is funded by the NSF. \u00a0This project is described below:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">We utilize an interdisciplinary approach which is rooted in bioinorganic chemistry to develop clean and renewable energy.\u00a0 One of our main focuses involves the development, synthesis, characterisation, and reactions involving\u00a0transition metal complexes as catalysts for artificial photosynthesis. \u00a0One specific strategy also involves developing electrocatalysts for the reduction of protons to produce hydrogen.\u00a0 When coupled with a ruthenium(II) photosensitiser, these systems will allow for the conversion of sunlight into a clean burning fuel in the form of hydrogen gas.\u00a0 We rely on a synergy of analytical, synthetic, physical, materials, and inorganic chemistry to develop such systems for harvesting and utilizing solar energy. \u00a0This research project is funded by the <strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/\">NSF<\/a>,<\/span><\/strong> and is being carried out by undergraduate \u00a0and graduate students at ODU.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Outreach by involving students from middle and high schools are of importance as we encourage such students to study STEM subjects. \u00a0Please see\u00a0Seth Smith&#8217;s Science Fair Presentation at Ghent Montessori School, Norfolk, Virginia. This event occurred on Friday, April 11, 2014 at 0919 hours. Graduate student, Mr. Michael Celestine played a role in training Seth with this production at Old Dominion University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. Thank you, Michael!! Great job!!<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Alvin Holder, Michael Celestine, and Seth Smith&#039;s Science Fair presentation\" width=\"676\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QvzsIAiXd7c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">A visitor to this web page is encouraged to read these citations:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0304416517303252\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Dutta, Shovan; Celestine, Michael J.; Khanal, Supreet; Huddleston, Alexis; Simms, Colin; Arca, Jessa F.; Mitra, Amlan; Heller, Loree; Kraj, Piotr J.; Ledizet, Michel; Anderson, John F.; Neelakanta, Girish; <u>Holder, Alvin A.<\/u>; Sultana, Hameeda \u201cCoordination of different ligands to copper(II) and cobalt(III) metal centers enhances Zika virus and dengue virus loads in both arthropod cells and\u00a0human keratinocytes.\u201d <em>Biochim. Biophys. Acta\u00a0(BBA) -General Subjects<\/em> 2018, 1862(1), 40-50.<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>To read the full 2018 article, where we used on compounds for the study, click on the following link:\u00a0\u00a0<strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/research-projects\/coordination-of-different-ligands-to-copperii\/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-610\">Article on Zika virus and dengue virus<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0020169315005708\">Lawrence, Mark A.W.; Holder, Alvin A. \u201cAssessing the stability of the Co(I) species of two mononuclear dichlorocobalt(II) compounds bearing 2,2\u2019-bipyridine and trans-2-(2&#8242;-quiolyl)methylene-3-quinuclidione ligands via<sup> 59<\/sup>Co NMR spectroscopy, electrochemical, and catalyzed proton electroreduction studies.\u201d <em>Inorg. Chim. Acta<\/em> 2016, 441, 157-168.\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oatext.com\/An-in-vitro-study-on-the-effect-of-synthesized-tinIV-complexes-on-glioblastoma-colorectal-and-skin-cancer-cell-lines.php\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Williams, Jennie L.; Lewis-Alleyne, Lesley C.; Solomon, Melinda; Nguyen, Long; Johnson, Robert; Vital, Jennifer; Ji, Ping; Durant, John; Cooper, Camille; Cagle, Patrice; Martin, Patrick; VanDerveer, Don; Jarrett, William L.; Holder, Alvin A.\u00a0 \u201cAn <em>in vitro<\/em> study on the effect of synthesized tin(IV) complexes on glioblastoma, colorectal, and skin cancer cell lines.\u201d\u00a0 <em>Biomed. Res. Clin. Pract.<\/em> 2016, DOI: 10.15761\/BRCP.1000103.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1387700315301581\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong>Sandhaus, Shayna; Taylor, Rosella; Edwards, Tiffany; Huddleston, Alexis; Wooten, Ykeysha; Venkatraman, Ramaiyer; Weber, Ralph T.; Gonz\u00e1lez-Sarr\u00edas, Antonio; Martin, Patrick M.; Cagle, Patrice; Tse-Dinh, Yuk-Ching; Beebe, Stephen J.; Seeram, Navindra; <u>Holder, Alvin A.<\/u> \u201cA novel copper(II) complex identified as a potent drug against colorectal and breast cancer cells and as a poison inhibitor for human topoisomerase II\u03b1.\u201d <em>Inorg. Chem. Commun.<\/em> 2016, 64, 45-49.<\/strong><\/span><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs10870-015-0610-2#\/page-1\">Lawrence, Mark A. W.; McMillen, Colin D.; Gurung, Raj K.; Celestine, Michael J.; Arca, \u00a0 Jessa F.; <u>Holder, Alvin A.<\/u> &#8220;Synthesis, X-ray crystallographic, electrochemical, and spectroscopic studies of bis-(1,10-phenanthroline)(2,2\u2019-bipyridine)cobalt(III) hexafluorophosphate.&#8221; <em>J. Chem. Crystallogr. \u00a0<\/em>2015, 45(8), 427-433.<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2012\/dt\/c2dt30309d#!divAbstract\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">Cropek, Donald M.; Metz, Anja; M\u00fcller, Astrid M.; Gray, Harry B.; Horne, Toyketa; Horton, Dorothy C.; Poluektov, Oleg; Tiede, David M.; Weber, Ralph T.; Jarrett, William L.; Phillips, Joshua D.; <u>Holder, Alvin A.<\/u> \u201cA novel ruthenium(II)-cobaloxime supramolecular complex for photocatalytic H<sub>2<\/sub> evolution: Synthesis, characterisation, and mechanistic studies.\u201d <em>Dalton<\/em><em> Trans.<\/em> 2012, 41(42), 13060-13073.<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_137\" style=\"width: 509px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-137\" class=\" wp-image-137\" src=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Photocatalysis-hydrogen-production.png\" alt=\"Photocatalysis-hydrogen production\" width=\"499\" height=\"731\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Photocatalysis-hydrogen-production.png 508w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/Photocatalysis-hydrogen-production-205x300.png 205w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-137\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Photocatalysis: Hydrogen production.<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_133\" style=\"width: 569px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-133\" class=\" wp-image-133\" src=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/electrocatalysis.png\" alt=\"Electrocatalysis with compound 6 in acetonitrile.\" width=\"559\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/electrocatalysis.png 1060w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/electrocatalysis-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/electrocatalysis-1024x788.png 1024w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/electrocatalysis-945x727.png 945w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/electrocatalysis-600x462.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #339966\"><strong>Electrocatalysis with compound 6 in acetonitrile.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_132\" style=\"width: 331px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-132\" class=\"wp-image-132 \" src=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/compound-6.png\" alt=\"Complexes 6-8\" width=\"321\" height=\"479\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/compound-6.png 1850w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/compound-6-201x300.png 201w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/compound-6-686x1024.png 686w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/compound-6-945x1411.png 945w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/compound-6-600x896.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 321px) 100vw, 321px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #339966\"><strong>Complexes 6-8.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_134\" style=\"width: 449px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-134\" class=\" wp-image-134\" src=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/hydrogen-production.png\" alt=\"Photocatalysis involving the complexes in acetonitrile.\" width=\"439\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/hydrogen-production.png 1100w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/hydrogen-production-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/hydrogen-production-1024x791.png 1024w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/hydrogen-production-945x730.png 945w, https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/1302\/2016\/02\/hydrogen-production-600x464.png 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #339966\"><strong>Photocatalysis involving the complexes in acetonitrile.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>My area of research revolves around biological and inorganic chemistry, bioinorganic and inorganic reaction mechanisms, which includes the following: Synthesis and characterization of supramolecular polypyridyl osmium(II), palladium(II), platinum(II), ruthenium(II), vanadium(IV), and vanadium(V) complexes for bioinorganic studies of DNA recognition andreactions&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/research-projects\/\">Continue Reading &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/113"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":619,"href":"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/35\/revisions\/619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fs.wp.odu.edu\/aholder\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}